فصلنامه مطالعات روانشناسی بالینی
پیاپی 48 (پاییز 1401)

 The purpose of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the 42-item form of the Persian questionnaire for general assessment of psychotic experiences (Stefanis & et.al, 2002) of Shiraz University students.Also, this study examined the relationship between psychotic experiences and general health. For this purpose, 200 male and female students (129 male and 71 female) with average ages of 23.75 and 25.69, respectively, were selected by simple random sampling method and they completed the General Assessment of Psychotic Experiences Questionnaire (CAPE, Stefanis & et.al, 2002) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ, Goldberg & Hiller, 1979). Data were analyzed with SPSS-22 and AMOS-22 software using multivariate analysis of variance, confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha and the convergent validity of CAPE was measured with GHQ (r= 0.52). The results showed that the components of the CAPE scale had acceptable internal consistency. The components of GHQ questionnaire also had a statistically significant positive correlation with the dimensions and total score of CAPE. Finally, women scored higher than men in depression and positive symptoms. In general, it can be said that this questionnaire has a good validity and reliability and seems to be able to measure psychotic experiences in the general population, especially University students.

Cognition is mediated and combined by mental processes formed by internal speech and cognitive processes play a key role in generalized anxiety disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder. The aim of this study was to compare the frequency and content of inner speech in people with generalized anxiety disorder traits, obsessive-compulsive disorder traits and normal. 348 (boys: 203, girls: 145) students of Shahid Beheshti University were selected by convenience sampling method and participants answered the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Scale (Spitzer et al., 2006), the Self-talk Scale (Brinthaupt et al.., 2009) and the Padua Inventory–Washington State University Revision (Burns et al.., 1996). Findings were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and multivariate analysis of variance. The results showed a significant difference in frequency between the normal group and clinical groups. Also, the research findings showed a significant difference between the normal group and clinical groups in the negative subscales of inner speech content (self-criticism and social assessment) and not the positive subscales (self-regulation and self-reinforcement).

This study aims to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral and mindfulness therapies on sleep quality and cognitive abilities of women with insomnia. This research was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group and a 3-month follow-up. The study's statistical population was women with insomnia disorder who referred to the counseling center of a university in Tehran in 2020. Among them, 63 people were selected through purposive sampling method and were randomly assigned in two experimental groups and one control group (21 people in each group). Both experimental groups were treated separately for 8 weekly 45 to 60-sessions. The control group did not receive any intervention. The Sleep Quality and Cognitive Ability Questionnaires were delivered individually at baseline, after the program, and after 3-months follow-up. Data were analyzed by repeated measures of variance analysis.The results showed that both interventions were similarly effective for improving the sleep quality and cognitive abilities of women with insomnia. There was no significant difference in effectiveness between the two groups. Also, the difference between post-test and follow-up stages was not significant.Treatment of insomnia based on mindfulness and cognitive-behavioral therapies can improve sleep quality and cognitive abilities by reducing physiological arousal and rumination and increasing the attention and concentration of patients. Therefore, the use of two therapy methods is recommended to reduce the problems of women with insomnia.

Narcissistic personality disorder is a very complex disorder that leads to significant problems in people with the disorder. The aim of the present study was to investigate the structural relationships between childhood trauma and cognitive distortions with narcissistic personality disorder mediated by early maladaptive schemas. The correlational research design model was structural equation modeling and its statistical population included students of Urmia University in the academic year 2019-2020. 225 students were selected through available sampling and narcissistic personality questionnaires, distortions. Cognitive completed Abdullah Zadeh and Salar, Nourbakhsh Child Abuse and Young's maladaptive schema. The results showed that the paths of childhood trauma, cognitive distortions and early maladaptive schemas with narcissism and the paths of childhood trauma and cognitive distortions with primary maladaptive schemas are significant. Also, the results of using Bootstrap test showed that indirect pathways of childhood trauma and cognitive distortions with narcissistic personality disorder through initial maladaptive schema have a fit index. Based on the findings of this study, it seems that early maladaptive schemas can affect the structural relationship between childhood trauma and cognitive distortion with narcissistic personality disorder.

Depression is characterized by many symptoms, including thoughts of death and suicide. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between sense of coherence, brain-behavioral systems, and attributional styles in the prediction of suicidal thoughts of depressed patients. First, using availability sampling and Beck depression inventory, 100 depressed patients admitted to Razi psychiatric hospital in Tabriz were selected. Then Beck scale for suicide ideation, Antonovsky's sense of coherence questionnaire, Carver and White's brain-behavioral systems questionnaire, and Seligman's attributional style questionnaire were presented to them to collect information. Then data were analyzed by SPSS software, using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression. The results of this study showed that sense of coherence explained 44%, brain-behavioral systems explained 28.9% and attributional styles explained 33.9% of the variance of suicidal thoughts in depressed patients. Therefore, it can be concluded that sense of coherence, brain-behavioral systems, and attributional styles are the variables affecting the suicidal thoughts of depressed patients.

 The aim of this study was to determine The effectiveness of stress-emotion management skills training on quality of the mother-child relationship of mothers’ children with autism spectrum disorder. This study was an experimental study with a pretest-posttest-follow-up plan with a control group. The statistical Society was all mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder in Iran Autism Association in Tehran, from which 30 people were selected by purposive sampling and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Mother-Child Relationship Evaluation (MCRE) Questionnaire (Robert Ross, 1961) were used to collect data. Mixed multivariate analysis of variance was used to analyze the data with respect to defaults. The mothers' promotion program was implemented in 7 two-hour sessions for the experimental group. The results showed that the scores of components of rejection and overprotection decreased in the experimental group compared to the control group, but in acceptance increased significantly (P <0.01).,in the follow up step lasting effect was seen. Due to the effectiveness of mothers' promotion program (stress-emotion management), improving the mother-child relationship of mothers’ children with autism spectrum disorder, this package can be used as a psychological intervention.